Desafinado was introduced in February 1959 by João Gilberto as A-Side to Hô-bá-lá-lá, his second solo single. Recorded in November 1958, the song was also included on his 1959 debut album Chega de Saudade, both arranged and conducted by Antônio Carlos Jobim.
Desafinado, meaning “off-key” or “out of tune”, was Jobim and Newton’s answer to nightclub singers they had to accompany and who sang out of tune which helped critics to claim that bossa nova was a new genre for singers who can’t sing. This samba was intended to appear to be a defense of the ‘out-of-tune’ singing but actually be demanding so only an accomplished vocalist was able to perform it skilfully.
Like other Jobim compositions, the sheet music of Desafinado subsequently appeared with missing measures and melodic and harmonic modifications which annoyed Jobim as he stated in an 1994 interview, “What I find lamentable, in the case of the editors, is that they would have edited my songs all wrong. This is what upsets me. And then it all goes off to the whole world! That is the disaster! […] One of the projects I’m working on is the revision of my own compositions because the editors got everything wrong. They got the melody wrong, the harmony wrong, and the rhythm wrong“
In Brazil, Desafinado was first picked up by Ney e Seu Conjunto, an unidentified outfit that released the song as a B-side, followed by at least six more recordings that year. After only a few recordings in 1960 and 1961, at least 25 versions were released in 1963, probably triggered by the sudden international success of the song. However, Newton Ferreira de Mendonça was not allowed to experience this. Following Desafinado, he composed two more classics with Jobim, Meditação and Samba de Uma Nota Só, before his untimely death in November 1960 of a heart attack at the age of 33.
In February of 1962, Stan Getz and Charlie Byrd recorded an instrumental version which was released in April as the title track of their album and in a shortened version as the leading single. This version helped paving the way for the international success of the song as well as bossa nova. In September 1962, the first version with English lyrics was released by Pat Thomas as the leading single and title track of her second album, arranged by Lalo Schifrin. In November 1962, Ella Fitzgerald released her version recorded with Marty Paich. All three singles hit the US Billboard Charts before João Gilberto performed the song at the famous Carnegie Hall Concert on November 21, 1962. Jobim recorded his first version in 1963 on the US album The Composer of Desafinado Plays, released in Brazil the following year by Elenco as Antônio Carlos Jobim.
The first English lyrics titled Slightly Out of Tune, introduced in 1962 by Pat Thomas and Ella Fitzgerald, were written by Jon Hendricks and “Jessie Cavanaugh” (a pseudonym used by the music publishing house The Richmond Organisation). In 1967, English lyrics by Gene Lees titled Off-key were more closely based on the original and recorded by Frank Sinatra and Antônio Carlos Jobim.
Desafinado is not only an ingenious composition but became a bossa nova classic that was recorded around the world, including by Bulgarians Lea Ivanova and Eddy Kazassian, Jamaicans Byron Lee & The Dragonaires, French jazz guitarist and chanteur Sacha Distel, Finnish songstress Laila Kinnunen and many more.
Selected recordings of Desafinado:
1. João Gilberto from the single Desafinado b/w Hô-bá-lá-lá (1959, Odeon 14.426) and the album Chega de Saudade (1959, Odeon MOFB 3073)
Artwork for Chega de Saudade by César G. Villela with photographs by Francisco Pereira
2. Maurílio Santos from the album Convite Para Dançar Vol. 2 (1959, RCA Victor BBL 1043)
3. Jota Cláudio e Pepe Cabral from the album Dois Amigos em Ritmo de Dança (1959, Polydor LPNG 4054)
4. Zé Maria from the album Presente Musical (1959, Internacional CID 27017)
5. Zaccarias from the album Música, Maestro! (1959, RCA Victor BBL 1040)
6. Os Saxsambistas Brasileiros from the album Saxsambando (1960, Plaza PZ 303), reissued as Desafinado (1962, Dauntless/Áudio Fidelity [US] DM 4304) and as Sax Sambando (196?, Plaza PZ 2203) and as Sambas Que Não Se Esquece (1970, Tropicana n/a) credited to Bil Bell
Artwork for Saxsambando by Michel Schachter
Artwork for Sax Sambando by Michel Schachter
7. Carminha Mascarenhas e Ernâni Filho from the album Em Cada Estrela uma Canção (1961, Copacabana CLP 11191)
Artwork for Em Cada Estrela uma Canção by Sérgio Malta
8. Stan Getz & Charlie Byrd from the single Desafinado b/w One Note Samba (Samba de uma Nota Só) (1962, Verve [US] VK-10260) and the album Jazz Samba (1962, Verve [US] V6-8432 and 1963, Verve/Copacabana [BRA] VMLP 14006)
Cover painting for Jazz Samba by Olga Albizu
9. Oscar Castro Neves from the album Big Band Bossa Nova (1962, Audio Fidelity AFLP 1983)
10. Agostinho dos Santos from the EP No Carnegie Hall (1962, RGE CD 80.144)
11. Laura Villa from the album Bossa Nova (1962, Polydor 46128)
12. Antônio Carlos Jobim from the album The Composer of Desafinado Plays aka Antônio Carlos Jobim (1963, Verve Records [USA] V6-8547 and 1964, Elenco [BRA] ME-9)
Artwork for Antônio Carlos Jobim is by César G. Villela with photograph by Francisco Pereira.
13. Julinho from the album 100% Bossa (1963, Masterplay MDL 13025)
Artwork for 100% Bossa with photograph by Mafra
14. Os Cariocas from the album A Bossa dos Cariocas (1963, Philips P 632.152 L)
15. Breno Sauer Quinteto from the album Sambabessa (1963, RGE XRLP 5193)
16. Pedrinho Mattar from the album Bossa Nova (1963, Farroupilha LPFR-600)
17. Sexteto de Jazz Moderno from the album Bossa Nova (1963, RCA Victor BBL 1222)
18. Trio Tenumbra from the album Trio Penumbra em Bossa Nova (1963, Musicolor/Continental MLP 9084)
19. Orquestra Brasil Moderno from the album A Revolução (1963, Odeon MOFB 3357)
20. Portinho from the album Fogo nos Metais (1963, Philips P 632.138 L)
21. Turquinho from the album Samba de Bossa (1963, Chantecler CMG 2212)
22. Ritmistas da Bossa Nova from the album Balanço & Bossa Nova (1963, Musiplay LPM 1105)
23. Roberto Menscal from the album A Bossa Nova de Roberto Menescal e Seu Conjunto (1963, Elenco ME-3)
Artwork for A Bossa Nova de Roberto Menescal e Seu Conjunto by César G. Villela with photographs by Francisco Perreira
24. Orquestra Os Bossambistas from the album Só Danço Samba (1963, DIMP D-1014), reissued as Bossa Brass Apresenta a Música Maravilhosa de Antônio Carlos Jobim (1966, Plaza Hi-Fi 13002) credited to Bossa Brass
Artwork for Só Danço Samba by Michel Schachter
Artwork for Bossa Brass Apresenta a Música Maravilhosa de Antônio Carlos Jobim by Joselito
25. Milton Banana from the album O Ritmo e o Som da Bossa Nova (1963, Audio Fidelity AFLP 1984)
26. Stan Getz and João Gilberto with Antônio Carlos Jobim from the album Getz/Gilberto (1964, Verve Records [USA] V6-8545 and Odeon [BRA] MOFB 291)
Cover painting for Getz/Gilberto by Olga Albizu
27. Sérgio Mendes e Bossa Rio from the album Você Ainda Não Ouviu Nada (1964, Philips P 632.701 L)
Artwork forVocê Ainda Não Ouviu Nada by Licínio Almeida with photographs by Paulo Namorado
28. Carioca from the album Samba Ôba! (1964, Imperial IMP. 30.048)
Artwork for Samba Ôba! by Eddie Moyna with photograph by Sampaio
29. Dalila from the album Sensação! (1964, PolydorLPNG 4086)
Artwork for Sensação! by Paulo Brèves with photgraph by Mafra
30. Rio 65 Trio from the album Rio 65 Trio (1965, Philips P 632.749 L)
31. Lyrio Panicali from the album Nova Dimensão (1965, Odeon MOFB 3408)
Artwork for Nova Dimensão by Joselito
32. César Camargo Mariano from the album Octeto de César Camargo Mariano (1966, Som MaiorSMLP 1516)
33. Antônio Carlos Jobim from the album A Certain Mr. Jobim (1967, Warner Music [USA] WS-1699 and 1974, Continental [BRA] 3.01.404.051)
34. J. T. Meirelles from the album Brazilian Beat Vol. 2 (1967, London/Odeon LLB 1029)
35. Lenita Bruno from the album Lenita Bruno em Hollywood (1968, Fermata FB 235)
Selected recordings of Desafinado originally not issued in Brazil:
1. Pat Thomas from the single Desafinado (Slightly Out of Tune) b/w One Note Samba (1962, Verve Records [USA] VK 10269) and the album Desafinado (1962, MGM Records [USA] SE 4103)
2. Laurindo Almeida & The Bossa Nova Allstars from the album Viva Bossa Nova! (1962, Capitol Records [USA] T 1759)
3. Dizzy Gillespie from the album Dizzy on the French Riviera (1962, Philips [USA] PHS 600-048)
4. Ella Fitzgerald from the single Desafinado (Slightly Out of Tune) b/w Stardust (Bossa Nova) (1962, Verve Records [USA] VK 10274)
5. Lalo Schifrin from the album Lalo = Brilliance (1962, Roulette [USA] R 52088)
6. Tito Puente from the album Bossa Nova by Puente (1962, Roulette [USA] R-25193)
7. Julie London from the single Slightly Out of Tune (Desafinado) b/w Where Did the Gentlemen Go (1962, Liberty [USA] 55512) and the album The End of the World (1963, Liberty [USA] LRP-3300)
8. Quincy Jones from the album Big band Bossa Nova (1962, Mercury [USA] SR 60751)
9. Sacha Distel from the EP Bossa Nova (1962, RCA Victor [France] 86.004 M)
10. Les 3 Ménestrels from the EP Faits Pour S’aimer (Desafinado) (1962, Fontana [France] 460.846 ME)
11. Herb Alpert & The Tijuana Brass from the album The Lonely Bull (1962, A&M Records [USA] A&M 101)
12. Laila Kinnunen from the single Yön Äänet (Recado) b/w Epävireiset Sydämet (Desafinado) (1962, Scandia [Finland] KS 458) and the EP Bossa Nova (1963, Scandia [Finland] SEP 179)
13. Pierre Sellin from the EP Desafinado (1962, Fontana [France] 460.847 ME)
14. Los 3 de Castilla from the EP Bossa Nova (1962, Philips [Spain] 433 896 PE)
15. Izio Gross from the album Bossa Nova in Rhythm (1963, Kristal Linea Económica Kubaney [Mexico] KS-1154)
16. Dick Hyman & Mary Mayo from the album Moon Gas (1963, MGM Records [USA] SE-4119)
17. L’Orchestre Brésilien ‘Ritmo da Bossa’ from the album Bossa Nova (1963, Barclay [France] CDF 532)
18. Coleman Hawkins from the album Desafinado – Coleman Hawkins Plays Bossa Nova & Jazz Samba (1963, Impulse [USA] A-28)
19. Lea Ivanova & Eddy Kazassian Combo from the album Lea Ivanova & Eddy Kazassian Combo (1963, Qualiton [Hungary] LPX 7237)
20. Sérgio Mendes from the album Quiet Nights (recorded 1963, released 1966, Philips [USA] PHS 600.263)
21. The Hi-Lo’s from the album The Hi-Lo’s Happen to Bossa Nova (1963, Reprise Records [USA] R9-6066)
22. René Touzet from the album Bossa Nova – Brazil to Hollywood (1963, GNP Crescendo [USA] GNP 87)
23. The Dave Pell Octet from the album The Dave Pell Octet Plays Today’s Hits in Jazz (1963, Liberty [USA] LST-7298)
24. Eydie Gormé from the album Blame it on the Bossa Nova (1963, Columbia [USA] CS 8812)
25. Zdenka Vučković from the EP Ritam Kiše (1964, Jugoton [Yugoslavia] EPY-3339)
26. Byron Lee and The Dragonaires from the album Caribbean Joy Ride (1964, Starline [Jamaica] FLP 103)
27. Clare Fischer from the album So Danço Samba (1965, World Pacific Records [USA] 1830)
28. Doris Day from the album Latin for Lovers (1965, Columbia [USA] CS 9110)
29. Tamba Trio from the album Brasil Saluda a Mexico (1966, Philips [Mexico] 10087)
30. Frank Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim from the withdrawn 8-track cartridge Sinatra Jobim (1969, Reprise Records [USA] 8FH 1028)
31. Duncan Lamont from the album Best of the Bossa Novas (1970, Music For Pleasure [UK] MFP 1357
32. Sônia Rosa from the album Sensitive Sound of Sônia Rosa (1970, Express [Japan] VSCD-606)
33. Jula De Palma from the album Jula Presenta (1974, RCA [Italy] TPL1-1032)
Ella Fitzgerald, enjoying her performance of Desafinado on Swedish television in 1963
DESAFINADO
Se você disser que eu desafino, amor • Saiba que isto em mim provoca imensa dor • Só privilegiados têm ouvido igual ao seu • Eu possuo apenas o que Deus me deu
Se você insiste em classificar • Meu comportamento de anti-musical • Eu mesmo mentindo devo argumentar • Que isto é Bossa Nova, que isto é muito natural • O que você não sabe, nem sequer pressente • É que os desafinados também têm um coração
Fotografei você na minha Roleiflex • Revelou-se a sua enorme ingratidão • Só não poderá falar assim do meu amor • Ele é o maior que você pode encontrar
Você com a sua música esqueceu o principal • Que no peito dos desafinados • No fundo do peito bate calado • Que no peito dos desafinados – Também bate um coração
SLIGHTLY OUT OF TUNE
Love is like a never-ending melody • Always have compared it to a symphony • A symphony conducted by the lighting of the moon • But our song of love is slightly out of tune
Once your kisses raised me to a fever pitch • Now the orchestration doesn’t seem so rich • Seems to me you’ve changed the tune we used to sing • Like the bossa nova, love should swing
We used to harmonize, two souls in perfect time • Now the song is different and the words don’t even rhyme • Cause you forgot the melody our hearts would always croon • So what’s good’s a heart that’s slightly out of tune
Tune your heart to mine the way it used to be • Join with me in harmony and sing a song of loving • We’ve got to get in tune again before too long
Ther’ll be no desafinado • When your heart belongs to me completely • Then you won’t be slightly out of tune • You’ll sing along with me
[English lyrics by Jon Hendricks and “Jessie Cavanaugh”]
OFF-KEY
When I try to sing you say I’m off key • Why can’t you see how much this hurts me • With your perfect beauty and your perfect pitch • You’re a perfect terror • When I come around must you always put me down
If you say my singing is off key my love • You will hurt my feelings don’t you see my love • I wish I had an ear like yours • A voice that would behave • But all I have is feelings and the voice God gave
You insist my music goes against the rules • But rules were never meant for lovesick fools • I wrote this little song for you but you don’t care • Its a crooked song oh but all my love is there
The thing that you would see if you would play your part • Is even if I’m out of tune I have a gentle heart • I took your picture with my trusty Rolleiflex • And now all I have developed is a complex
Possibly in vain I hope you weaken oh my love • And forget these rigid rules that undermine my dream of • A life of love and music with someone who’ll understand
That even though I may be out of tune • When I attempt to say how much I love you • All that matters is the message that I bring • Which is my dear one I love you
[English lyrics by Gene Lees]